Author Interview – Frank Hood

At SoonerCon in June, I met science fiction author Frank Hood. Like me, he started as a kid in the Midwest reading scifi. Early on, he decided to write short stories, dreaming of huge success. As with me, he found out the world may not fall in love with your writing at first. In his case, it meant he had to put off his writing ambitions and get a job with more certain prospects. From the interview that follows, you’ll enjoy learning about his writing journey.

Note: Frank mentions Ray Bradbury’s 1950 story, “There Will Come Soft Rains” as one of his favorites. By a fitting coincidence, today, August 5, 2026, is the date repeated endlessly by the automated house in that story.

Bio

Frank Hood author photo

Frank Hood sold his first story at age 26 then spent 40 years as a software engineer from punch cards to AI. He documented that career in his first book A Geek’s Progress. Published his first novel Advance Guards in September 2025, and, along with his wife, a collection of horror/science fiction/fantasy/mystery stories, That Has Such Creatures in 2026. His second novel A Child’s Uneven Scrawl is expected in late 2026. Is well known for his ability to explain how AI really works to general audiences and for the depth of his fiction writing. He writes about whatever strikes his fancy from history, travel, science, humor, and social commentary at frank-hood.com.

Prefatory Remarks

I’m a storyteller, and, as Mick Jagger puts it, “I’ve been around a long, long time….” That is a lethal combination, so prepare yourself for a journey through the labyrinth that purports to be my mind, full of more digressions and dead ends than those of a mercury-addled mad hatter or ancient gold miner (I’ve met one of those. It was a trip.) There will be references and diversions such that you may never find your way out, so “Abandon all hope you who enter here.”

Interview

Poseidon’s Scribe: How did you get started writing? What prompted you? 

Frank Hood: I blame the accident of geography. Until I was 10, I was raised in an Irish Catholic neighborhood in north Detroit. It was a tight-knit community. We played baseball in the streets (not stickball, we had real bats). None of us even knew where the public school was. The Catholic high school was 2 blocks north. The Catholic hospital was 3 blocks east, and the church with its elementary school was about 8 blocks south. Basically you could live your whole life from baptism to funeral in that little neighborhood. Our playgrounds were the streets, backyards, and construction sites. Construction sites made great jungle gyms.

Then, when I was 10, we moved to San Diego where my dad switched from engineering cars to engineering airplanes and rockets. We rented a house on a 170-acre ranch that was a mile from the nearest neighbor and 10 miles from the nearest town that had only 19,000 people. You can see a picture of the ranch on the front page of my website.

That left 10-year-old me with only my 13-year-old and 4-year-old brothers for company. So, mostly I was on my own. On grocery trips to town with my mother, I skipped over to the drugstore where I could afford a couple of the 10 cent comics from the spinner rack. Those fed my imagination. Breakfast was informal, and usually the family didn’t talk much at that meal, so I read and re-read my comics while I consumed my cereal and toast. Dinner was for the formal interrogation and teasing of us boys by my father, but breakfast was my reading time.

My parents were readers, and we had Life Magazine and Readers’ Digest always lying around, so I read those too. I also had a subscription to Baseball Digest, which featured sportswriters’ columns from all over the country. Remember when a sports column was about poetic writing and dramatic moments rather than a bland listing of obscure statistics? No, well I feel sorry for you. It was fun.

In high school, I mostly wrote non-fiction, usually satires of everybody at the school to amuse my friends. I especially liked to satirize the administration and teachers. Our principal’s last name was Foucar (pronounced foo-kar). How could I resist writing about Mother Foucar? Or the just-this-far from senile Civics teacher? Or the brilliant but somewhat crazed German teacher? Or the 5’3” barrel-chested, ramrod straight WWII Marine veteran of Iwo Jima English teacher with the razor-sharp wit?

College was where I started to write fiction seriously. First, I concentrated on making entertaining plots that might make people shake their heads. An early one was two professors talking as they waited for a computer to output its solution on how to make a computer think, and ended with the computer typing out the scene they were in to the extent that it repeated the professors’ own conversation (albeit somewhat badly) until they tried to stop it before it took over the story—they weren’t fast enough. I guess I’ve been thinking about AI for a long time. Then I worked on creating characters for you to care about, but what the heck does an 18-year-old know about depth of character unless you’ve had a very traumatic childhood?

P.S.: Who are some of your influences? What are a few of your favorite books? 

F.H.: My biggest writing influence was probably Ray Bradbury. I love his way with words and the spooky stories he told, like “The Small Assassin,” “Skeleton,” and “There Will Come Soft Rains.” Boy, I wanted to be able to write like that!

After that, there’s Shakespeare. The depth and wisdom of his dialog as well as the breadth of his characters blow me away. Most of his plots were just borrowed from older works, but he gave voice to every piece of human instinct and desire. There is only one document that we can claim is what Shakespeare “said.” That is his last will and testament. He does not speak in any of his plays. There is no author’s voice proclaiming from a soapbox in Shakespeare. He writes conniving villains like Iago, brilliant and clever villains like Richard III, roguish young men who become heroes like Henry IV, and conflicted men who either yield to temptation like Macbeth or who finally claim the side of their better instincts like Hamlet. And all of his characters, including Shylock, the stereotypical greedy, conniving Jew, are given brilliant lines to express their views of life. None of those amazing speeches in all those plays are Shakespeare talking, rather they are his characters talking. Shakespeare encompassed all of life and expressed every point of view magnificently. “He summed it all up,” is the best, most insightful quote you will ever hear about Shakespeare. I try hard to be true to that method. There are no self-inserts in my fiction. I try to recreate real people with all their desires, motivations, and weaknesses.

Also in Catholic elementary school, we had a bookshelf at the back of the classroom with a dozen of Heinlein’s juveniles among other books, and I devoured them to feed my imagination. I’m trying to pay that debt back by donating books to my church’s new elementary school.

As an adult, I love the Horatio Hornblower books.

Advance Guards

P.S.: Your debut novel, Advance Guards, shows readers a future of plenty, with human wants satisfied. How does that world affect the main character, Thom? The cover shows a male—is it Thom?—looking out a window at a group of robots in a field. How does that cover image suggest the themes of the novel?

F.H.: Actually, that’s Thom’s youngest son Samuel on the cover. More on that later. The cover image is meant to show the contrast between the old adobe house without even glass for the windows and the shiny robots from the city.

One of the things about the novel is that it’s a family saga covering some 40 years, so I wrote it as 12 short (and some not so short) stories to accommodate time shifts and different points of view. The future Los Angeles I depict is dystopian, not because of any catastrophe, but because it’s simply a continuation of the way things are going. There’s no apocalypse, no plague, no totalitarian regime behind it all, just incremental improvements in technology until people have begun to lose human contact with each other.

Thom accidentally discovers a love interest in the first story. He begins to realize the bland life of isolation from both nature and humanity that lays ahead of him. Also he wants to rescue his love, Celia, who is going down a dark path of drugs and partying in her own form of rebellion against the city’s lifestyle when he meets her.

Thom finally asserts himself to find a different, less artificial way of life for himself and Celia. They end up raising a family of 7 kids in the wilderness 150 miles north of LA, learning, sometimes painfully, how to live off the land.

Then the kids grow up, and there’s still nobody out there beyond the family. When they notice one of the boys beginning to eye his older sister in a different way, they resolve to send each of their children back to the city when they turn 18. The second part of the novel explores the children’s individual and very different reactions to the city life their parents left and how they end up influencing the city for better or worse.

As a joke, I say the Hollywood pitch is, “Swiss Family Robinson meets The Jetsons, wrapped in a Shakespearean tragedy.”

The cover illustrates the opening scene from the last story where the youngest son, having returned to the family’s abandoned, hand-built adobe house to live in the country, sees a dozen robots that he helped design, coming to fetch him back to the city, doubtlessly at the behest of one or more of his siblings. 

The title, Advance Guards, is from an old Seals & Crofts song whose lyrics they claim were taken from a centuries’ old Middle-Eastern poem. I frequently use songs as inspiration for my stories.

P.S.: Does this first novel signal a shift to the longer form, or will you still write short stories? How different was it to write a novel?

F.H.: I will probably never abandon short stories, but they just don’t sell as well as novels and novellas. A lot of independent novels these days are about 60-80k words, which is short for what I remember growing up with, but makes it easier to put out a lot of work.

Advance Guards was not too different because I wrote it as a series of short stories with the same characters and one plotline, but the new novel is more traditional, so we’ll see how that goes.

P.S.: In your bio, you state you set out to be a great writer, but the expected large advances didn’t materialize. You chose a day job for steady income but dreamed about writing during that forty-year career. Were you able to write at all during that interval, or did the dream burn inside for those decades, awaiting the moment you had time to write?

F.H.: I never gave up on wanting to write. A lot of that was ameliorated with trying to help my wife’s writing career. More of it was satisfied by writing technical documents and proposals for novel approaches to applications for the DoD. At about 20 years into my career, I decided to sit down and write a story to see if I could still do it. The result was “The Gardener’s Wife” that is included in That Has Such Creatures as well as for sale individually as an ebook. That story convinced me that I hadn’t lost my fiction touch, but I waited until I retired to take up writing as a profession again.

A Geek's Progress

P.S.: You wrote A Geek’s Progress: Navigating a Software Career from the 80s to the 20s. The book discusses your career and your aim to live a good life, not necessarily to innovate your way to Silicon Valley billionaire status. Who is your intended audience for that book and what do you hope they get out of it?

F.H.: There are two groups I intend as an audience for A Geek’s Progress, grizzled software veterans like me, who, I hope, see themselves in my book and feel nostalgic about old times, and young people starting a career in the corporate world. I hope to give the latter a realistic idea of how to survive in the corporate world and make useful products for the end user even if management seems to prefer you didn’t. As I say, there are already a ton of books out there for the budding entrepreneur wanting to become the next Elon Musk or Steve Jobs, and A Geek’s Progress is not for them, it’s for the rest of us nerds who just want a satisfying career that enables us to have a family and a good life.

P.S.: What non-writing hobby or interest do you have? Does it complement your writing or is it a relief from writing?

F.H.: I write fiction. I write non-fiction. I dispense the wisdom of the ancients. I listen to my 10,000-song Pandora playlist. I donate platelets every 2 weeks or so because I have a talent for bleeding. I stream old TV series. I watch movies (and write reviews), and read books (and write reviews). I walk to the grocery store and back every other day, and, if I time it right, ogle the young ladies emerging from one of the many yoga studios in their stretchy leotards. I go out to lunch with former colleagues and friends. I go to SF Conventions, and each summer now I buy a 30-day Amtrak rail pass and take a cross-country train trip to LibertyCon in Chattanooga TN via Atlanta, with stops to play tourist along the way. One year it was DC, the next Cooperstown and the Baseball Hall of Fame, then Memphis (yes, I walked Beale St., but my feet didn’t leave the ground). The train gives me the opportunity to talk with quite an interesting mix of strangers (and write about it). This year SoonerCon was the week before LibertyCon, so I took that opportunity.

Oh right, you asked about non-writing. I’ve spent the last couple of years painfully learning art programs. (I have no coordination for real hand-drawing.) Someday I might actually get good at it, so I can make my own covers. I suppose I’m the definition of monomaniacal.

P.S.: What are the easiest, and the most difficult, aspects of writing for you?

F.H.: Easiest? I’d rather write about what I enjoy most about writing—just about everything. If I can make you laugh, if I can make you cry, then I feel I’ve done something wonderful and worthwhile. Writers and actors are manipulators (in a good way). We want to make our audience feel things they would normally suppress. The Greeks called it catharsis. Ray Bradbury said, when he found himself crying as he wrote something, he knew he’d written something good. J. Michael Straczynski wrote that, as a kid, he was reading a story where a little boy begged his grandfather for an ice cream cone. As soon as he left the store, the boy was distracted, tilted his hand, and the ice cream dropped on the pavement. Joe describes himself crying reading that. He read it a second time and cried again. He decided that if someone could make him care that much about somebody who wasn’t real, then he needed to learn how to do that. People have described my behavior upon seeing a good comedy in a movie theater as laughing so loudly that everybody looks my way.

What I like least is getting stuck because I’m so hung up on making the details consistent and plausible. Sometimes I just have to tell myself, “Pshaw, just say it happened, and they’ll figure it out.” A lot of times that’s the right answer. When Howard Hawks was directing The Big Sleep, he was doing the scene where the rich family’s dead chauffeur is pulled out of the bay in the limousine. Someone on the crew asked him why that scene was there, and he realized he didn’t know. It didn’t actually figure in the mystery. Finally he called up Raymond Chandler and asked.

“Why did the chauffeur drive off the pier?”

“Damned if I know,” Chandler replied.

China Harbor: Out of Time

P.S.: Sorry to read about the death of your wife, Sharon. You wrote lovingly about her on your website. An author herself, she wrote under the name S.T. Gaffney. Tell us about her novel, China Harbor: Out of Time. How is it different from what you write?

F.H.: Pardon me for going on for a bit, but Sharon is probably my favorite subject. She was the most brilliant person I ever met. She taught herself to be an effortless storyteller. In third grade, she learned every cliché there was and deployed them at every appropriate opportunity to the annoyance of her friends. She then spent the next year changing every cliché into something non-cliched, so she never used a cliché again.

She devoured mysteries and read lots of Best Short Stories of [insert year here] collections and subconsciously absorbed what made good writing. When we left after seeing The Empire Strikes Back in the theater, I casually asked, “That scene where Luke leaves and Obi Wan says, ‘That was our last hope,’ to which Yoda replies, ‘No, there is another,’ I wonder what he was talking about?” She calmly replied, “It’s Princess Leia. She’s Luke’s sister,” as if it should be perfectly obvious. When we watched mystery movies, she always knew who the murderer was within the first 15 minutes, but she considerately wouldn’t spoil it for me.

China Harbor: Out of Time is a dramatic time-travel thriller, set in a small island off the coast of China after China has nuked America. The main character is a female physicist who invented a time travel machine and has spent the last 5 years living as an American refugee in an unfamiliar land where she barely speaks the language, and guts fish for a meager living, until events conspire to give her the precarious chance to rectify the war she feels she may have inadvertently caused while trying to prevent it.

Sharon was what they call a pantser (she preferred the term organic writer, nurturing and letting the story grow rather than pretending to make it up as she wrote it). China Harbor started as a vision of the first scene that came into her head as she stared into her tea cup at our favorite Chinese restaurant. She came home and started typing. Two weeks later, she said, “This story is getting kind of long. How long is a novella?”

I told her, and a month later, she asked, “How long is a novel?”

I told her about 80K to 120K words. A month later, she asked, “How long is War and Peace?”

It ended up being 180K words of very taut prose. There is no wasted space. As I saw it coming off the printer as she wrote it, I remember thinking about one passage, “Well, that’s kind of a diversion, but I’ll give her that for local color.” To my astonishment, two-hundred pages later that became an integral plot point.

She had a unique voice. When she was in 5th grade, her English teacher took her aside and told her, “Reading your stuff is like I’m sitting there listening to you. That’s a great voice for fiction. Don’t lose it, but it isn’t the right way to write a formal essay.” Thank God for that man. Blessings be upon him.

Also, despite our 41 years together, her life was very different from mine. She grew up in Beverly Hills (on the wrong side of the tracks, she always noted, as her family was far from rich) where 95% of her high school class went on to college vs. my small-town roots. She also suffered from fibromyalgia for 30 years because of childhood trauma from an abusive, alcoholic father and a mother who had what they today call a “borderline personality disorder,” in other words not quite crazy enough to be locked up, but you wouldn’t want to live with her.

Also she was a chemist who taught at the community college level for many years whereas I was just a bum, as her mother accurately described me when we got married. Modern medicine has no cure or even treatment for fibromyalgia, so she explored other avenues. When California legalized acupuncture, one of her students recommended an acupuncturist, so she tried that. A curious chemist who is given the diagnosis, “The wind and the damp have come into your shoulder,” does not just shrug it off when the treatments start to work. To understand this thing that made no sense, she became a Chinese scholar, reading dozens of books on acupuncture and the Chinese philosophy and culture that it grew from and was infused with. When she died, I donated her 300 books on the subject to the local Chinese Historical Society.

Also she taught a diverse set of students at the community college level. It was the time of the Vietnamese boat people who had fled the communist takeover, and she taught Chemistry to many refugees from Vietnam and Cambodia, who barely spoke English.

All that fed into her book. When I was reading it as it came off the printer, I realized it had an unusual power that was different from anything else I had read. That year, at Comic-Con as we watched the 4th of July fireworks, it hit me. America has taken in refugees from all over the world, but Americans have never been refugees. It was that perspective that was one of the things that gave her book such unusual power.

Sorry, but I could talk for days about the best woman who ever lived. My writing is not so instinctual or magical. I consider myself Robert Browning to her Elizabeth Barret Browning, an excellent writer but more restrained and intellectual, not the genius one that I married.

That Has Such Creatures

P.S.: Short stories by you and your wife appear in the book That Has Such Creatures. Aside from the marriage between the two authors, are there any traits connecting the stories? Common settings, themes, tone, etc.?

F.H.: Sharon and I wrote very different types of stories. I pulled a couple of her stories into the collection, partly because I wanted to tell the story of How Sharon and I “Met”, and the different type of stories we write figured into that. Many of her stories were darker, reflecting her background. That Has Such Creatures is 14 stories by me, 2 by Sharon, and 2 non-fiction stories that people have trouble believing aren’t fiction, so the connection is more tenuous rather than collaborative.

We tended to push each other and help refine our ideas rather than really co-write things. You can get a little flavor of that in the last stories and essays in That Has Such Creatures. I hope to finish and publish our real collaboration later this year. When she realized her lone novel wouldn’t sell very well on its own, she came up with the idea of a twelve issue Pogo-esque comic book with talking animals, called Hermit and Vulture about, “A man who is about to go over the edge—and a bird that’s ready to help.” It’s a satirical look at modern life set in the tiny, High Sierra hamlet of Another Fine Mess. We brainstormed a number of scenarios. She could never find an artist to collaborate with though, so she eventually settled on the idea of just publishing it as prose under the subtitle, “A comic book that isn’t”. Unfortunately her health deteriorated, and she never finished it, but she left elaborate notes. I hope to finish it and do it justice.

P.S.: What is your current work in progress? Would you mind telling us a little about it?

F.H.: I’ve got two works going on right now. The first is a traditional novel, A Child’s Uneven Scrawl, set in 1968-1969. Those were amazing and turbulent years to live through, and the period and culture is a heavy influence on the book. It involves a grad student studying the human brain who ends up apprenticing to a former Nazi scientist whose research has been continued by the Defense Department. (Think Werner von Braun, and it won’t seem so far-fetched.)

It also features his DoD boss, a retiring WW II Marine captain on his last tour of duty in San Diego, so he can leave the service and get his teaching credential at San Diego State to begin a high school teaching career.

Biology in the old days was a particularly cruel science to explore, where mice, cats, and sometimes even primates were experimented on, sometimes brutally, all in the name of science. Much of what we know now about the functioning of the brain stems from those early, gruesome experiments that happened before functional MRIs. Trust me, the history of biology is a scary place.

When the ex-Nazi dies, both the captain and the grad student are left with an experiment that poses both seemingly great opportunities and ethical dilemmas.

By the way, A Child’s Uneven Scrawl is another song lyric, this time from Simon and Garfunkel, that helped inspire the story.

The other work is the afore-mentioned Hermit and Vulture.

Poseidon’s Scribe: What advice can you offer aspiring authors?

Frank Hood: The best writing advice I ever got was from Ted Sturgeon. In 1976, I found myself sitting next to him at Tuscon IV. He found out I wanted to be a writer, and told me, “I have a guaranteed method to make you a published writer. Write 50 stories in a year. By the end of that year, I guarantee you’ll be a published writer.”

It took me two years, but I did sell my 32nd story. Learning to write is like learning to walk. You’re going to fall down a lot, but keep getting back up and persist. Just write, my friends!

Other advice I got from a veteran Hollywood screenwriter was, “Make ’em love. Make ’em hate. Make ’em wait.”

That’s my writing advice. My business advice is, “Stay away from so-called traditional publishers. That industry exists mostly as a money-laundering scheme for politicians. Write something people want to read, and publish a lot of it. It may take time for people to discover you, but don’t get discouraged, just keep putting it out there.”

Poseidon’s Scribe: Thank you, Frank.

Web Presence

Readers may find out more about Frank Hood at his Amazon author page, his website “Musings of a Restless Mind,” and his Goodreads author page. You can find his wife’s novel, China Harbor: Out of Time, here.

How to Train Your AI, Legally

Though I don’t often comment on court cases, this one, as reported in the L.A. Times and in TechSpot, involved fiction authors and artificial intelligence (AI), so I couldn’t resist.

Image generated using ChatGPT

The Prosecution

More than 500,000 authors—not including me—sued the AI company Anthropic, contending the company illegally obtained the authors’ books and used them without permission.

The authors claimed the company downloaded the books from pirate websites, then fed the electronic text into the company’s AI to train it. However, the authors wrote the books to be read by humans, not to be used as training for AI.

The Defense

I’m not sure what Anthropic said about how they obtained the books. However, they contended that feeding text into an AI to train it is “fair use,” a term used in copyright law.

In the U.S., you can’t copy someone’s work and use large chunks of it without citing the source. However, if what you do is “transformative,” and adds value to the original work, then it’s fair use. Anthropic claimed the training of its AI was transformative.

The Settlement

From what I can gather, the case involved two issues. Was the company guilty of:  

1. Obtaining the books illegally? and

2. Using the books illegally?

If I understand correctly, this case never went to trial. The two sides agreed to a settlement, but the court had to approve it, and did so.

For the first issue, the court ordered Anthropic to pay $1.5 Billion to the authors, who will receive about $3000 per pirated book.

Regarding the second issue, the court found no guilt. Anthropic may use digital copies of books to train their AI.

The Impact

Get set for more related cases. About 350 authors opted out of this settlement, so they may seek compensation via an alternate path. This settlement only affects Anthropic, not the many other companies with AI, who are also training theirs in similar ways. Further, a major newspaper is suing some AI developers with regard to news articles. Movie studios are suing AI developers for training AI using copyrighted movie characters.

My Take

As a science fiction enthusiast, I’m fascinated by AI I’m curious what the real-world future holds. I’ve read enough fiction about AI to know things can turn out well, or lead to our demise.

For most human-invented tools, people can use them for good or evil purposes. At present, AI does what a human tells it to do. It doesn’t initiate actions on its own. When it becomes sentient and takes action of its own accord, it will start to seem less tool-like and more human. At that point, we’ll have to re-think things. We may have to start regarding AI as a fellow sapient species, with legal rights, susceptible to punishment for illegal acts.

In this particular Anthropic case, I don’t know if the monetary payout is reasonable, but the overall judgements in the settlement strike me as fair. My books have appeared on pirate websites at cut-rate prices, with no money going to the publisher. That’s not fair or legal. As fly-by-night operations, these websites disappear when challenged and spring up under other names, so they’re tough to prosecute. Anthropic shouldn’t have purchased training materials from pirate sites.

AI companies wishing to provide optimal training to their AIs are free to do so after paying full price to purchase books by—

Poseidon’s Scribe

When an Independent Bookstore “Leaves”

Sad to say, another author-friendly bookstore will soon bite the dust. Leaves Book and Tea Shop (also known as Leaves Bakery and Books) in Fort Worth, Texas, will close in early August. This past Sunday, they held their last Afternoon with Authors event, and I participated as a panelist.

Ann Katagiri, Scott Finley, and me

Thank you to Challyn Leicht and Tina Howard for organizing and running the event.

Ann Katagiri discussed her trilingual book Den Chan, the Cat Who Crossed the Ocean, available in Japanese/English, English/Chinese, and Chinese/Japanese.

Scott Finley, whom I’ve interviewed here talked about his books, Shadow of the Queen, Queen of Diamonds, and his upcoming book, Queen of the Sky.

I droned on about The Seastead Chronicles.

My display at Leaves

Though I wish the audience for our panel had been larger, the event went well. Honored to have been chosen for Leaves’ final Afternoon with Authors event, I’m—

Poseidon’s Scribe

How Fiction Writers Exploit the Mind-Body Connection

You texted the wrong person—you blush—you feel embarrassed. A snake slithers toward you—you lurch backward and hyperventilate—you feel afraid. You scored a soccer goal—you pump your fist—you feel elated.

Images created with the help of ChatGPT

In Science

Note the order: stimulus—physical response—emotion. It’s as if your body knows, in advance, how you’re about to feel. According to scientists, it does.

Your body reacts first, before your brain feels an emotion. How can your body react so fast and your brain lag so far behind? If our mighty brain distinguishes us from other animals, why that slow response?

Rather than a bug in the system, think of it as a feature. Our species evolved to prioritize readiness over reflection, survival over sentiment. This post by Christine Walter and this post by the Eastside Counseling Center discuss the phenomenon in more detail.

In Fiction

Knowing this human characteristic, how do fiction writers exploit it? How can you use it in your stories?

In books, characters often respond to a stimulus—an event or spoken dialogue. A given character’s body reacts in an instant, most often in an appropriate and unconscious way. That physical reaction may or may not be noticeable to other characters. A moment later, the character feels one or more emotions.

For Point-of-View characters, the writer may (or may not) state the emotion felt. For non-POV characters, the writer must convey their emotions in a second-hand way—by physical actions, tone of voice, word choice, etc.

Sabyasachi Roy expressed these ideas well in this post.

Show, Don’t Tell

A writer may omit naming the emotion, allowing the reader to infer it. Often, the bodily reaction suffices to inform the reader what the character is feeling. Flared nostrils, bared teeth, and flinty eyes convey enough without having to state the character’s anger.

Not only does showing the body reaction make it unnecessary to tell the emotion, it makes for superior story-telling. Readers want to feel emotions along with the characters. Show readers the tingling of a spine, the gasp, the shallow sigh. Don’t just tell us the character felt scared, awed, or nostalgic. In fact, avoid naming emotions at all—allow readers to feel them.

The Emotion Thesaurus

While writing, I struggle to think of the appropriate bodily reactions for a given emotion, especially if I’m not feeling it myself. The Emotion Thesaurus by Angela Ackerman and Becca Puglisi rescues me every time. This valuable resource provides lists of physical signals for seventy-five emotions. Look up the feeling and peruse the list of bodily reactions. A given character won’t display all the physical signals on the list, so select one or two appropriate ones. You needn’t describe the bodily reaction the same way the thesaurus does. Choose your own words. The book serves as a catalyst for your creativity.

Leaning back in my chair, hands clasped behind my head, smiling as I review this post, I’m—

Poseidon’s Scribe

Stories in the Stars

As humans, we can make up stories about anything. Take stars, for instance.

image generated using ChatGPT

Sky Patterns

Put yourself in the place of your prehistoric ancestors. To them, the stars looked distant, mysterious, and chaotically random. In trying to make sense of it all, they noticed patterns in the chaos, as we do with clouds and other random displays. However, the star patterns recurred, night after night. Unlike many things on Earth, the star patterns persisted, unchanged.

These reliable, repeating sky pictures demonstrated seasonal changes—never in shape, but only in their position in the sky. As they drifted with the seasons, the shapes, or constellations, became associated with seasonal human activities—planting, harvesting, hunting, etc. Over centuries and millennia, our ancestors passed down not only knowledge of the constellations and their relevance to human activities, but also stories to aid in remembering it all. As civilizations grew more complex, so did the stories.

Pleiades

Pleiades image from Wikipedia

Something about the Pleiades star cluster attracted the notice of multiple ancient civilizations, including the Celts, the Maori, the Achaemenid Empire, the Arabs, the Chinese, the Quechua, the Mayans, the Aztec, the Sioux, the Kiowa, the Cherokee, and the ancient Hindus. The Greeks named the cluster the Pleiades, meaning “to sail,” as the sailing season coincided with its appearance. Later they referred to the cluster as the Seven Sisters. The Japanese called the group “subaru,” meaning “to cluster together.” We see it stylized today on a familiar automobile company logo.

The Greeks

Many constellation stories come to us from the ancient Greeks. Often, in their tales, a deity from their pantheon of gods would honor (or punish) some person or animal by placing them in the heavens. Aphrodite and Eros fled from a monster by transforming into a pair of fish we know as Pisces.

A prince of Troy named Ganymede attracted the eye of Zeus, who made him the cup-bearer on Mount Olympus. We know that one as Aquarius.

When Perseus slayed a sea-monster, the monster became the constellation Cetus.

Reckless driving inspired the meandering constellation of Eridanus. One day, Phaethon took over the task of driving the sky-chariot from his father, the sun-god Helios. Unable to steer it, Phaethon lost control and burned great chunks of the Earth. Zeus struck him dead, and the winding constellation represents the crooked path he took.

Constellations Today

Since the advent of telescopes, we’ve learned what stars are, and we no longer believe gods arranged them in pictures we’d recognize. However, astronomers still use constellations as handy references for naming stars, as well as for locating galaxies and other cosmic phenomena.

SoonerCon

Last month—along with Charles Dane Clark, Gypsy Jess, and Dr. Dara Fogel—I spoke on a panel at SoonerCon titled, “Stars and the Sea: Constellations in Myths and Legend.” That experience inspired this blogpost.

Charles Dane Clark, me, Gypsy Jess, and Dr. Dara Fogel at SoonerCon

Wheels of Heaven

I can’t resist mentioning a story I wrote, since it pertains to this topic. In “Wheels of Heaven,” an arrogant Roman astrologer finds the Greek Antikythera Mechanism. He uses it to determine the positions of celestial bodies, speeding up his process of making astrological predictions. On the voyage back to Rome, he meets a sailor who dismisses astrology. When the sailor’s prediction is right, and every one of the astrologer’s is wrong, he must question his most basic beliefs. At present, the book remains unavailable while the publisher updates their website.

Bunk and Hokum

As I said, few people today believe the constellations of the zodiac have any control or influence over our lives. The fault, dear reader, is not in our stars, and I can prove it. I was born under the constellation Aquarius. As everyone knows, no linkage exists between water or water-bearing and—

Poseidon’s Scribe

Author Interview—William Bernhardt

At Soonercon last month, I met many authors. One of them, William Bernhardt, has led a jam-packed life. I’d find it easier to list the things he hasn’t done. Reading his bio makes me want to get off the couch and swim the Atlantic just to say I’ve done something he hasn’t. (Note to self—check if he’s done that, too.) I’m guessing he has to update his bio every week just to keep it current. Here’s this week’s version:

Bio

William Bernhardt is the #1 bestselling author of over sixty books, including the nonfiction book The Superman Wars and the Daniel Pike legal thriller series (The Last Chance Lawyer). His previous works include the historical novels The Florentine Poet and Nemesis, The Final Case of Eliot Ness, three books of poetry, children’s and young adult books, and several books on fiction writing. In addition, Bernhardt hosts an annual writers conference (WriterCon), an annual writing cruise, small-group writing retreats, a magazine, plus a free e-newsletter and podcast. He is also the president of Bernhardt Books.

Bernhardt has received the Southern Writers Guild’s Gold Medal Award, the Royden B. Davis Distinguished Author Award (University of Pennsylvania) and the H. Louise Cobb Distinguished Author Award (Oklahoma State), which is given “in recognition of an outstanding body of work that has profoundly influenced the way in which we understand ourselves and American society at large.” He has been nominated for the Oklahoma Book Award over twenty times in four different categories and has won the award three times. In 2019, he received the Arrell Gibson Lifetime Achievement Award.

In addition to his novels and poetry, Bernhardt has written plays, a musical (book and score), humor, children stories, biography, and crossword puzzles for The New York Times. He is also a Jeopardy! champion (2013). He has edited two anthologies (Legal Briefs and Natural Suspect) as fundraisers for The Nature Conservancy and the Children’s Legal Defense Fund. In his spare time, he has enjoyed surfing, digging for dinosaurs, trekking through the Himalayas, paragliding, scuba diving, kayaking, caving, zip-lining over the canopy of the Costa Rican rain forest, and jumping out of an airplane at 10,000 feet.

OSU has called Bernhardt “Oklahoma’s Renaissance Man.” When Bernhardt delivered the keynote address at the San Francisco Writers Conference, chairman Michael Larsen noted that in addition to penning novels, Bernhardt can “write a sonnet, play a sonata, plant a garden, try a lawsuit, teach a class, cook a gourmet meal, beat you at Scrabble, and work the New York Times crossword in under five minutes.”

Interview

Poseidon’s Scribe: How did you get started writing? What prompted you? 

William Bernhardt: I knew I wanted to be a writer when I was seven, or so my mother says, and since she’s my mother (age 97), I think we have to take her word for it. Once I realized people were writing those books I loved, I knew that’s what I wanted to do. The problem was, being a kid in a small town in Oklahoma with no writers, figuring out how to accomplish that!

P.S.: Who are some of your influences? What are a few of your favorite books?

W.B.: Superman comics, for starters. Comics led to science fiction, like The Martian Chronicles and Slaughterhouse-Five. Comics also led to Shakespeare and ancient lit classics—many of which are basically superhero stories.

P.S.: When I add up all the things you claim to have done, I conclude you are either 200 years old, more than one person, or never sleep. Which is it? If none of those, how to you manage your time?

W.B.: Ha! I hope I get 200 years, but that may be a stretch. I do prefer to stay busy. Keeps me out of trouble. I get up early in the morning and work through the day, first writing, then dealing with other matters. I think I was born with a fortunate gene. Where some people might think, Wouldn’t that be nice?, I always think, How can I make that happen?

P.S.: Your recent book, The Superman Wars (love the cover, by the way), isn’t fiction, but provides a cautionary account of the intellectual property rights to the Superman character. What is the major point of the book and what should writers learn from it?

W.B.: (I love the cover too. I told them I wanted a book anyone could hold without embarrassment, no Zap! Zowie! Pow! or any of that. I thought they did a terrific job.)

This is a cautionary tale I hope all creatives will read. The vultures are still out there, more than happy to take advantage of writers and artists and internet content creators. We still have corporate sharks, plus vanity presses and AI scams and many other threats to the ability of artists to benefit from their work. Protect yourself! Connect with other writers (even if you aren’t the most social person in the world). Get the knowledge you need to succeed. And never sign anything without getting an expert opinion!

P.S.: You’ve been described as Oklahoma’s Renaissance Man, and as a polymath (or a practitioner of Crichtonism, a word I just learned today, named for James Crichton [1560-1582]). Why such varied interests, when most people are satisfied with expertise in one area?

W.B.: Look, we get one life and it isn’t that long. Probably as a result of voracious reading, I have a lot of interests, so I never get bored. And I don’t want to spend my entire life doing the same thing over and over. I practiced law for ten years. That was enough. I wrote a lot of thrillers. But after several of those, I thought it was time for new challenges. As I started researching this book, I realized there was so much more to it than most people, even in the comics world, realize.

P.S.: Do your varied non-writing interests (gardening, cooking, games and puzzles, surfing, hiking, scuba diving, kayaking, caving) interfere with your writing, or supplement it in some way? Do these activities find their way into your novels?

W.B.: The truth is, you can only write so many hours a day. Usually by mid-afternoon, it’s time to do something else. Like prep for WriterCon, the writers conference I co-host, or Bernhardt Books, my small publishing company. I don’t know if that works its way into my books—but my love of comics has over and over again. And we do take vacations. In May I spent a week roaming around New Mexico with my daughter Alice, hiking and rock climbing (nothing dangerous) and exploring caves. I consider myself fortunate to have built a life that allows me to do so many things I enjoy.

P.S.: What is WriterCon, and why did you start it?

W.B.: WriterCon is my annual writers conference, every Labor Day weekend in OKC (September 4-7 this year) and 2026 is our 20th anniversary! We have over 60 speakers, writers, agents, publishers, and others in the industry offering writing tips, publishing advice, marketing angles—whatever people need. We have contests and lots of chances for consultations with pros. I may be biased, but I think it has become one of the leading conferences in the country. Every year I see attendees get agents or publishing deals, which makes me very happy. I started this as a way of giving back. I remember what it was like being a punk kid in a small Oklahoma who wanted to be a writer—but with no clue how to make that happen. I hope WriterCon is making it a little easier for the next generation.

P.S.: What are the easiest, and the most difficult, aspects of writing for you?

W.B.: Writing is hard, and nothing is ever going to make it easier (including AI), so I just accept it. My first drafts are always terrible (or so I think), but I will revise and revise until it starts looking like something. I don’t think there is an easy part, but I enjoyed all the research I did for The Superman Wars, even though it ultimately took more than twice as long as I anticipated. I ultimately traveled to eight different states, combed through twelve archived library collections, interviewed more than fifty people and read hundreds of books, periodicals, and unpublished manuscripts. I was able to interview the members of Jerry Siegel’s family, his daughter Laura and her sons Michael and James, who have been reluctant to talk in the past. I even visited Jerry’s childhood home!

P.S.: Tell us about Ben Kincaid, the main character of your nineteen-novel series beginning with Primary Justice. What is he like, and what sets him apart from other lawyer protagonists?

W.B.: He’s Clark Kent with a briefcase. He’s smart, persistent, and wants to help—but he’s also socially awkward, insecure, and needs a partner to fill his vacancies. Christina is his Lois Lane. I’ve started a 20th book in the series but set it aside when I became obsessed with the Jerry Siegel story.

P.S.: You appeared on the TV show Jeopardy! and performed well. Tell us about that experience.

W.B.: That was a blast! I’ve been watching Jeopardy, usually with my mother, since I was four. When they started doing online tests around 2010 I took it and got a callback, then went to New Orleans for an audition, then was asked onto the show. I learned how important speed and buzzer control are. Everyone there was smart, but some people, including me, struggled with the buzzer. During our rehearsal, I didn’t get a single chance to answer a question. The producer actually came up to me and whispered, Bill are you trying to ring in? Yes, of course I am! but I wasn’t as quick as I wished (I was the oldest person in the green room by almost 20 years, not that I consider that an excuse). Anyway, once the questions got tougher, I managed to get in enough correct responses to become a Jeopardy champion.

P.S.: What is your current work in progress? Would you mind telling us a little about it?

W.B.: My next book will be The Batman Wars, and I’ll bet you can guess the subject. Bill Finger and Jerry Robinson and…that other guy. You know, the one who took all the credit. This is a story that is much less well known, and perhaps even more heartbreaking, than the Siegel story.

Poseidon’s Scribe: What advice can you offer aspiring authors?

William Bernhardt: Keep writing! Learn as much as you can, but the most important thing is to write. Listen to the WriterCon podcast (it’s free). Put in your 10,000 hours. The more you do the better you’ll get. Then come to WriterCon, learn what you need to know about the business, pitch an agent or publisher. It will happen eventually, if you keep writing and don’t quit!

Poseidon’s Scribe: Thank you, William. Great advice from the man who’s done (nearly) everything.  

Web Presence

As befits a guy who’s been everywhere, you can find William Bernhardt everywhere online. That includes his website, Facebook, Instagram, Amazon, LinkedIn, TikTok, YouTube, and Threads. You can buy The Superman Wars here, learn about, and sign up for, WriterCon here, and subscribe to William’s newsletter here.

Why I Love My Mourning Dove

Sometimes Nature teaches us lessons. I learned one from a mourning dove.

Backstory and Surprise

Last year, birds nested on the brick ledge outside our bathroom window. This year, to discourage a repeat of that behavior, I pounded dozens of nails through a board and placed it, with nail points up, on the ledge. A few days ago, after returning from a trip, I spied a bird’s nest resting amid the nails. I climbed a step-ladder and chased the bird away. In the nest lay a single egg. Had the egg not been there, I’d have removed the nest and pounded more—and longer—nails in the board. Instead, soft-hearted me allowed the nest, egg, and bird to stay.

Classification and Assessment

Not being a bird-watcher, I’m guessing, by appearance, this one is a mourning dove. I started calling her Momma Mourning Dove. I’ve since learned both expecting dove parents take turns minding their nests. Half the time, I suppose, Pappa sits there.

I wondered what kind of pea-brained idiots would pass up a pleasant and traditional home in any of the plentiful trees in our area, and instead build their nest on a ledge full of nails. That can’t be comfortable.

Realization and Apology

Then it hit me. I know the sort of idiots who do that. I’ve written a book about people who do something similar. The book is The Seastead Chronicles. In it, my characters abandon the safe and long-established location for housing—the land—to live on the danger-filled oceans. They do this for various reasons—economic, political, religious, etc. But they don’t act from stupidity. So, doves, I get you now. Sorry I called you idiotic and pea-brained.

(However, when you’re done with that nest, I still plan to remove it and put more nails in the board.) 

As I write, a dove sits there, as one has for many days, incubating and turning that egg, unbothered by nails. Unaware, too, I imagine, how its behavior inspires—

Poseidon’s Scribe

Triumphant Return from my Soonercon Voyage

This past weekend, I participated in Soonercon 34, Oklahoma’s premier pop culture convention. Sponsored by the Future Society of Oklahoma, this year’s con chose “Through Salt & Storm” as its motto.

Food on the Seas

Michael Dean moderated my first panel of the weekend—“Ship’s Biscuits, Limeys, and Rum: Food on the Seas.” My fellow panelists—Tim Frayser and Cody Clark—held a lively discussion about hardtack, grog, and other maritime sustenance. Weevils also came up. Afterward, no one in the audience seemed inclined to ride an old-time sailing ship for long periods.

Michael Dean, me, Tim Frayser, and Cody Clark

Non-Human Protagonists

I moderated the next panel, titled “Writing the Inhuman: Crafting Non-Human Protagonists.” With no sentient non-humans willing to serve as panelists (at the prices Soonercon could pay), we made due with humans, in particular A.C. Smart and Joe Haldeman. Yes, that Joe Haldeman. Both of them delighted the audience with valuable information about robots, aliens, and other non-humans (even cats) as main characters. They gave budding scifi writers actionable tips about how to create vivid, believable non-human characters.

A.C. Smart, Joe Haldeman, and me

Book Signing

Several people, those without anything more pressing to do, stopped by the table I’d set up for selling books.

Stars and the Sea

Charlie Clark moderated my only Saturday panel, “Stars and the Sea: Constellations in Myth and Legend.” The panel consisted of Dr. Dara Fogel, Gypsy Jess, and me. A member of the Choctaw Nation, Charlie told the audience about Choctaw legends involving solar eclipses. Both other panelists described how star patterns and their stories affected most cultures throughout history.

Charlie Clark, me, Gypsy Jess, and Dr. Dara Fogel

Building the Temple

On Sunday at 11:00 (appropriately), I moderated a panel titled “Building the Temple: Believable Religion in Speculative Fiction.” Though I started it off much like a religious service, panelists Dr. Dara Fogel and Laura J. Underwood helped the audience understand the elements of a religion and how to create a credible one for a fictional work, citing examples from their own and others’ books.

Me, Laura J. Underwood, and Dr. Dara Fogel

Golden Age

At 3:00, I moderated a panel titled “The Golden Age of Sci-Fi: What Makes Classic Stories Endure?” Panelists Frank Hood, William Bernhardt, and Mark Alfred covered the classic definition of science fiction’s Golden Age (late 1930s to late 1950s), but also the more universal definition (whatever scifi you started reading at age 12). They covered the prime examples of Golden Age literature and what qualities keep them readable today.

William Bernhardt, me, Frank Hood, and Mark Alfred

Overall

Though Soonercon got its start 34 years ago focusing on science fiction, it has broadened to pop culture. Now the vendor booths display anime, manga, stuffed animals, stickers, and other trinkets rather than books. Most of the panels and activities focus on cosplay, e-sports, hentai, and painting, etc., with science fiction as a minor sideshow. Thousands of attendees showed up, most young, and most in costumes I didn’t recognize.

I couldn’t ignore a con with a nautical theme, of course. Wherever and whenever fans go “through salt & storm,” you’ll find—

Poseidon’s Scribe

Sail the Soonercon Seas With Me

This coming weekend, from the 19th through the 21st of June, I’ll participate in Soonercon 34, a pop culture convention in Norman, Oklahoma. Despite Oklahoma’s distance from major bodies of water, their theme this year is “Through Salt & Storm,” which suits me well. Here’s my schedule:

Ship’s Biscuits, Limeys, and Rum: Food on the Seas

Friday 2:00 – 2:45

Panelists: Michael Dean (moderator) Cody Clark, Tim Frayser, and me

Writing the Inhuman: Crafting Non-Human Protagonists

Friday 3:00 – 3:45

Panelists: Joe Haldeman, Vickey Malone Kennedy, A.C. Smart, and me (moderator)

Book Signing

Friday 5:00 – 5:45

Stars and the Sea: Constellations in Myth and Legend

Saturday 10:00 – 10:45

Panelists: Charles Dane Clark (moderator), Dara Fogel, Gypsy Jess, and me

Building the Temple: Believable Religion in Speculative Fiction.

Sunday 11:00 – 11:45

Panelists: Dara Fogel, J.H. Fleming, Laura J. Underwood, and me (moderator)

The Golden Age of Sci-Fi: What Makes Classic Stories Endure?

Sunday 3:00 – 3:45

Panelists: Frank Hood, William Bernhardt, Mark Alfred, and me (moderator)

Location

You’ll find Soonercon 34 at the Embassy Suites Hotel in Norman, Oklahoma.

Though you might have to sail “through salt & storm” to get there, please make the effort. If you do, be sure to shout a hearty “Ahoy!” to—

Poseidon’s Scribe

How to Use Weather in Your Fiction

Most fiction writers refer to weather in their books. Average writers use it to complete a scene description, to paint a complete tableau. Better writers give weather reports that pair with the action or mood of a scene, or foretell an upcoming scene. The best writers do both of those, but do them with style, enabling the reader to experience commonplace weather, even a clear blue sky, as if seeing it for the first time.

Inspiration

Dr. Peter Schulman, of Old Dominion University, inspired this blogpost. He spoke on the topic of “The Poetry of Weather in Jules Verne” at a recent meeting of the North American Jules Verne Society. That talk got me thinking about weather as a tool for all fiction writers.

Universality

All humanity experiences weather. We all enjoy it, suffer from it, marvel at it, endure it, etc. When an author discusses weather—on Earth or on any planet with an atmosphere—readers relate. We see it and feel it with the characters. No matter how strange the characters, how bizarre their actions, how weird their motivations, how bewildering their speech, readers understand the weather when the author describes it. Weather unites us all. It ties together all humans in all places at all times in history.

Variety

Imagine a painter’s palette with infinite dabs of color available, or a workman’s kit containing an infinite number and type of tools. In a similar way, weather provides an unending spectrum of phenomena for writers to employ. No need for me to belabor the point, since every day of your life confirms the fact. In simplistic terms, the sun, clouds, rain, snow, fog, lightning, and wind all hint at the innumerable combinations available to writers.

Style

How do great authors use weather? What separates them from the common crowd? We all know and recognize common tropes—a journey starts at dawn with a clear sky, fierce storms occur later with thunder cracking to punctuate a key line of dialogue, and the hero rides off into the sunset at the end.

The best writers use these techniques too, but with greater flair and nuance. Their prose puts us in the scene. The sound and cadence of the words and clauses mimics the weather being described. We feel the weather along with the Point of View character. Weather matches a character’s mood, or the scene’s mood, or contrasts with them to make a larger point. Perhaps the character feels one way and the sky is sending a hint of how the character should feel. A master writer uses just enough words, and no more, to convey all this, in a way that doesn’t interrupt the flow of the plot.

Taming Weather

“Everyone complains about the weather,” Charles Dudley Warner once quipped, “but nobody does anything about it.” Here’s a deeper meaning behind his joke—writers do something about it. Writers control the weather in their stories, blowing wind like Aeolus, hurling lightning bolts like Zeus. If you hope to write well, implement my guidance in the Style section above.

Also, take some time to log the weather yourself. Write descriptions of extreme and commonplace weather as you find it, or from others’ pictures and videos. Go beyond a bare accounting. In your journal, convey the impressions on all your senses and all the emotions the weather evoked. Armed with these passages, you can use them to enhance your stories, to serve purposes in your plots, and to reflect some truth about your characters.

As the crimson orb kisses the distant horizon, dragging narrow clouds of fuchsia, lavender, and violet along with it, a singular silhouetted figure rides into the sunset of this blogpost. Who could it be? Of course, it’s—

Poseidon’s Scribe